海洋沉积地质过程模拟:性质与问题及前景   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高抒 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011,(5):1-7

探讨了海洋沉积地质数值模拟的功能问题.地球科学研究以正演方法(以数值模拟为代表)和反演方法(以地层记录分析为代表)的结合为特征.数值模拟作为一种重要的研究工具,具有获得过程和机理分析结果、形成工作假说、指导现场观测和采样的作用.与此同时,在正反演交融中模型本身也得到了提高和完善.在海洋沉积地质领域,数值模拟在沉积物输运...  相似文献   

Growth and grazing rate dynamics of major phytoplankton groups in an oligotrophic coastal site   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrés Gutiérrez-Rodríguez  Mikel Latasa  Renate Scharek  Ramon Massana  Gemma Vila  Josep M. Gasol 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

There has been more attention to phytoplankton dynamics in nutrient-rich waters than in oligotrophic ones thus requiring the need to study the dynamics and responses in oligotrophic waters. Accordingly, phytoplankton community in Blanes Bay was overall dominated by Prymnesiophyceae, remarkably constant throughout the year (31 ± 13% Total chlorophyll a, Tchl a) and Bacillariophyta with a more episodic appearance (20 ± 23% Tchl a). Prasinophyceae and Synechococcus contribution became substantial in winter (Prasinophyceae = 30% Tchl a) and summer (Synechococcus = 35% Tchl a). Phytoplankton growth and grazing mortality rates for major groups were estimated by dilution experiments in combination with high pressure liquid chromatography and flow cytometry carried out monthly over two years. Growth rates of total phytoplankton (range = 0.30–1.91 d⁻¹) were significantly higher in spring and summer (μ > 1.3 d⁻¹) than in autumn and winter (μ ∼ 0.65 d⁻¹) and showed a weak dependence on temperature but a significant positive correlation with day length. Microzooplankton grazing (range = 0.03–1.4 d⁻¹) was closely coupled to phytoplankton growth. Grazing represented the main process for loss of phytoplankton, removing 60 ± 34% (±SD) of daily primary production and 70 ± 48% of Tchl a stock. Chla synthesis was highest during the Bacillarophyceae-dominated spring bloom (Chl a_synt = 2.3 ± 1.6 μg Chl a L⁻¹ d⁻¹) and lowest during the following post-bloom conditions dominated by Prymnesiophyceae (Chl a_synt = 0.23 ± 0.08 μg Chl a L⁻¹ d⁻¹). This variability was smoothed when expressed in carbon equivalents mainly due to the opposite dynamics of C:chl a (range = 11–135) and chl a concentration (range = 0.07–2.0 μg chl a L⁻¹). Bacillariophyta and Synechococcus contribution to C fluxes was higher than to biomass because of their fast-growth rate. The opposite was true for Prymnesiophyceae.  相似文献   

Spatial variability and temporal dynamics of surface water pCO₂, ��O₂/Ar and dimethylsulfide in the Ross Sea, Antarctica     

P.D. Tortell  C. Guéguen  M.C. Long  C.D. PayneP. Lee  G.R. DiTullio 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(3):241-259

We report results from two surveys of pCO₂, biological O₂ saturation (??O₂/Ar) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in surface waters of the Ross Sea polynya. Measurements were made during early spring (November 2006-December 2006) and mid-summer (December 2005-January 2006) using ship-board membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) for high spatial resolution (i.e. sub-km) analysis. During the early spring survey, the polynya was in the initial stages of development and exhibited a rapid increase in open water area and phytoplankton biomass over the course of our ∼3 week occupation. We observed a rapid transition from a net heterotrophic ice-covered system (supersaturated pCO₂ and undersaturated O₂) to a high productivity regime associated with a Phaeocystis-dominated phytoplankton bloom. The timing of the early spring phytoplankton bloom was closely tied to increasing sea surface temperature across the polynya, as well as reduced wind speeds and ice cover, leading to enhanced vertical stratification. There was a strong correlation between pCO₂, ??O₂/Ar, DMS and chlorophyll a (Chl a) during the spring phytoplankton bloom, indicating a strong biological imprint on gas distributions. Box model calculations suggest that pCO₂ drawdown was largely attributable to net community production, while gas exchange and shoaling mixed layers also exerted a strong control on the re-equilibration of mixed layer ??₂ with the overlying atmosphere. DMS concentrations were closely coupled to Phaeocystis biomass across the early spring polynya, with maximum concentrations exceeding 100 nM.During the summer cruise, we sampled a large net autotrophic polynya, shortly after the seasonal peak in phytoplankton productivity. Both diatoms and Phaeocystis were abundant in the phytoplankton assemblages during this time. Minimum pCO₂ was less than 100 ppm, while ??O₂/Ar exceeded 30% in some regions. Mean DMS concentrations were ∼2-fold lower than during the spring, although the range of concentrations was similar between the two surveys. There was a significant correlation between pCO₂, ??O₂/Ar and Chl a across the summer polynya, but the strength of these correlations and the slope of O₂ vs. CO₂ relationship were significantly lower than during the early spring. Summertime DMS concentrations were not significantly correlated to phytoplankton biomass (Chl a), pCO₂ or ??O₂/Ar. In contrast to the early spring time, there were no clear temporal trends in summertime gas concentrations. Rather, small-scale spatial variability, likely resulting from mixing and localized sea-ice melt, was clearly evident in surface gas distributions across the polynya. Analysis of length-scale dependent variability demonstrated that much of the spatial variance in surface water gases occurred at scales of <20 km, suggesting that high resolution analysis is needed to fully capture biogeochemical heterogeneity in this system.  相似文献   

2009年晚春黄海南部浮游植物群落   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

田伟  孙军 《海洋科学》2011,35(6):19-24

在2009年6月对黄海南部及中部海域30个站位进行综合调查,对获得的131个浮游植物样品用Utermohl方法进行初步分析,共鉴定浮游植物4门51属73种（不包括未定名种）,其中硅藻32属47种（不包括未定名种）,甲藻17属24种（不包括未定名种）,定鞭藻1门1种,蓝藻1门1种,硅藻在物种丰富度上占有优势。浮游植物的生...  相似文献   

青岛近海浒苔暴发期大型底栖动物群落的生态研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王洪法  李新正  王金宝  李宝泉 《海洋科学》2011,35(5):10-18

利用2008年7月3日至25日在青岛附近海域浒苔[Enteromorpha prolifera (Muell.)J.Ag]暴发期间进行的大型底栖动物定量分析资料,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落在物种组成、生物量和丰度以及物种多样性方面的动态变化,以了解浒苔暴发对大型底栖动物的生态学影响.结果表明,本项目调查共采集到大型底...  相似文献   

泉州湾洛阳江红树林自然保护区潮间带软体动物多样性及分布   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄雅琴  李荣冠  江锦祥 《海洋科学》2011,35(10):110-116

为了解洛阳江红树林自然保护区不同生境的潮间带软体动物物种多样性、数量时空分布及群落结构现状,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所于2009年4月和11月在洛阳江红树林自然保护区内选择了光滩（Qch1）、屿头红树林区（Qch2）、增墁红树林区（Qch3）和米草区（Qch4））4条断面共3种生境,进行软体动物调查。共鉴定软体动物16科...  相似文献   

浙闽沿岸流消退时期的浮游植物群落结构特征     

王雨  林茂  林更铭  项鹏 《海洋通报》2011,30(2):221-225

浙闽沿岸流对台湾海峡的水文环境意义重大.依据国家海洋局"908"补充调查专项,通过对覆盖浙闽沿岸流海洋锋面过程的海洋生物调查研究,于2008年4月实施针对浙闽沿岸流消退时期(春季)台湾海峡锋面海域的浮游植物取样分析.结果共记录3门41属86种,其中硅藻35属76种.甲藻5属9种,蓝藻1属1种.种类组成以暖水性种类和广布...  相似文献   

新疆福海第一农场水库浮游植物生态初步研究     

薛俊增  蔡桢  王琼  朱新英  李周永  吴惠仙 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):36-42

于2008年7月(平水期)、10月(枯水期)和次年5月(丰水期)对新疆阿勒泰地区福海县第一农场水库浮游植物进行了生态学调查.共采集到浮游植物8门75种(属),其中绿藻28种、硅藻21种、蓝藻13种、裸藻6种、黄藻2种、甲藻2种、隐藻2种和金藻1种,绿藻和硅藻在种类组成上占明显优势.各期优势种不尽相同:平水期优势种为类颤...  相似文献   

夏季北部湾的浮游植物群落   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙军  李欣  田伟 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(3):1-7

根据2009年8月份对北部湾(18°N～22°N,107°E～110°E)海域12个采水站住的调查,分析夏季调查区浮游植物的群落结构特征.通过Uterm?hl方法共鉴定出浮游植物4门60属90种(不包括未定种),群落组成以硅藻为主,其次是甲藻.浮游植物生态类群以广温广布型种为主,调查区的优势种为菱形海线藻(Thalas...  相似文献   

山东半岛南部近岸海域渔业资源群落结构的季节变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李涛  张秀梅  张沛东  黄国强 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):41-50

根据2006年夏、冬季和2007年春、秋季在山东半岛南部近岸海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料,初步分析了该海域渔业资源群落结构特征。结果表明,该海域4个航次的调查共捕获渔业资源种类72种。2006年夏、冬,2007年春、秋4个航次的单位网次渔获量分别为18.1、6.9、1.3、10.3 kg/h。生物量的季节变化,依次呈夏季>冬季>秋季>春季。优势种类主要为赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssakammalensis)、长蛇鲻(Sauridaelongate)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)及口虾蛄(Oratosquillaorato-ria)、剑尖枪乌贼(Loligoedulis)、鹰爪虾(Rachypenaeus curvirostris)等。根据4个航次的调查数据,分别计算了渔业生物群落的种类丰度指数R、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、Pielou均匀度指数J′。通过聚类分析、单因子相似性分析(ANOSI M)、相似性百分比分析(SI MPER),以及对该海域游泳动物资源结构现状与历史调查数据对比分析表明,该海域渔业资源群落结构存在衰退现象。本研究为山东半岛南部海域渔业生物多样性保护和资源管理提供了参考依据。  相似文献